Subject: Fwd: Brothers of the Sword
Newsgroups: gmane.culture.templar.rosemont
Date: 2004-02-22 06:05:52 GMT (4 years, 40 weeks, 5 days, 1 hour and 11 minutes ago)
--- In rosamond <at> yahoogroups.com, "John Presco" <prosemont <at> y...>
wrote:
--- In Rosamond-Presco <at> yahoogroups.com, "John Presco"
<prosemont <at> y...> wrote:
BROTHERS OF THE SWORD
Published by
ROYAL ROSAMOND PRESS
President: Jon Presco
Grand Master of The Brothers of the Sword
Copyright 2003
My mother told her two young sons that we were descended from the
Teutonic Knights and should be proud of our heritage. Today, October
30, 2003 I discovered the evidence that Rosemary was telling her
sons
the truth. On the internet I found a provence or district in Estonia
called STUTENMEISTER, and I am convinced is the source of the
STUTTMEISTER name, being the Germans overcame Estonia. This name
might mean "horse master" and may be connected to the name
STUTTGARTEN, also STUTENGARTEN, and thus the Baden, or Mountbaden
family who are kin to the Windsors.
"From the Stutengarten of Baden to the state capital
The "Stutengarten" with CAN place was in early 13. Century an
establishment of Baden, like by the way also the likewise later
wuerttembergischen cities Backnang and Besigheim. Therefore Mark
countess Irmengard of bathing was , the Guenderin of the today still
existing monastery Lichtenthal in Baden-Baden also "roofridge lady"
in the Stuttgart Nesenbachtal. Irmengard of bathing comes of
the "eagle sex" the Staufer, at the same time from the Welfenhaus,
the sex of the lions, and was related to Richard lion heart of
England. His daughter Mechthild married the count Ulrich I
of "Wirtemberg", and as dowry gabs among other things
the "Stutengarten". On early seals of the city horses are shown and
still today are therefore always a horse the coat of arms animal of
the natives of stuttgart. Early seals of 1312 and 1343
First seal with only one horse from the year 1433"
Estonia is found in the Baltic, near Latvia
that was called Livonia a peoples who are kin to the Prussians who
have their roots here. This area was conquered by the Livonian
Knights, also the Christ Knights, and the Sword Brethren who were
absorbed by the Teutonic Knights. Frederick William King of Prussia
was a Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and because
Charlottenburg
was built on the Manor of Stuttmeister, I suspect this family was of
an ancient Prussian origin that can be traced back to the Brothers
of
the Sword, as the formation of the Prussian State is due to the
Teutonic Knights that was modeled after the Knight Templars.
For the reason the Rougemont/Rosamond name is associated with the
Knight Templars on my mother's side, and on my father's side, the
Brothers of the Sword, I hereby declare myself a Grand Master of the
Sowrd Drethren, and hereby declare that all history concerning my
illusrious family is the property of the this Order of Monk-Knights.
In the near furture I will set the rules of this order so that my
family can own a spiritual direction, now that all the mundane power
plays they have engaged in, cease to exist, or any gain thereof.
It is my intention, and God's will, that this history be put in my
care so that all members of my family may enjoy the prestige and
honor they so deserve, for so long. This discovery is copyrighted,
and no part of it may be used without my permission.
Jon Presco
Grand Master 'Brothers of the Sword'
* * *
http://www.history.ee/cgi-bin/ono/tabel?q=Stutenmeister
http://www.vinland.org/heathen/pagancee/#Estonia
Around 3,000 BC the Finno-Ugric peoples began to migrate from
Eastern
Europe to the north-east coast of the Baltic Sea.
1219 Valdemar II of Denmark and the German Sword Brethren, a
crusading order, conquered Estonia.
1346 The Danes sold their share of Estonian territory to the
Livonian
Order of Teutonic Knights (an alliance of the Sword Brethren and the
German Order of Teutonic Knights).
152439 The State of Teutonic Knights, including Estonia, renounced
religious allegiance to Rome and converted to Lutheranism.
1561 In the secularisation and partition of the State of Teutonic
Knights, Estonia (now northern Estonia) became part of Sweden and
Livonia (now Latvia and southern Estonia) and was placed under
Polish
rule.
History
Estonians resisted the assaults of Vikings, Danes, Swedes, and
Russians before the 13th century. In 1346, the Danes, who possessed
northern Estonia, sold the land to the Teutonic Knights of Germany,
who already possessed Livonia (southern Estonia and Latvia). The
Teutonic Knights reduced the Estonians to serfdom. In 1526, the
Swedes took over, and the power of the German (Balt) landowning
class
was reduced.
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
(Redirected from Sword Brethren)
The Livonian Brothers of the Sword, also known as the Christ Knights
or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order started in
1202 by Albert von Buxhövden, bishop of Riga, and composed of
German "warrior monks". It was primarly based on the rules of the
Templars.
Since its founding, the order tended to ignore its supposed
vassalage
to the bishops. In 1218 the bishop asked for help from the Danish
king, Valdemar II - but he instead made an agreement with the Sword
Brothers order and conquered the north of Estonia.
The Sword brethren headquarters were at Viljandi (Fellin) in
Germany.
The walls of the Grandmaster's castle are still standing. Other
stongholds include: Wenden, Segewold and Ascheraden. The commanders
of Viljandi (Fellin) Kuldiga (Goldingen), Aluksne (Marienburg),
Tallinn and the bailiff of Paide (Järva) belonged to the 5-membered
entourage of the Order's Grandmaster.
The Lithuanians beat the Brothers at the battle of Siauliai in 1236.
They are reported as having suffered fifty deaths from amongst their
ranks. Next year the order joined with the Teutonic Knights of
Prussia, switching to their rules but maintaining administrative
independence in their conquered lands. Between 1288 and 1290 they
managed to conquer all of Courland and Livonia. In 1346 the united
orders bought the rest of Estonia from Valdemar IV Atterdag, king of
Denmark.
With the decline of the Teutonic Order by the middle of the
fifteenth
century, the Sword Brothers decided to resume their independence. In
1557 the Polish king Sigismund II Augustus intervened in a war
between the bishop of Riga and the Brothers. After an agreement with
the king, the last grandmaster of the order, Gotthard Kettler
secularized the order, and converted to the Lutheran Church. In the
south part of the Brothers' lands he created a Duchy of Courland and
Semigalia. Most of the other lands were seized by Poland-Lithuania.
The north of Estonia was taken back by Denmark and Sweden.
Masters of the order include:
Volquin
Vilhelm von Schuborch
Johann Wolthuss von Herse,
See also
Courland, Livonia, Latvia, Estonia, Teutonic Knights, Order of
Dobrin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sword_Brethren
http://www.stgt.com/stuttgart/historye.htm
http://www.geocities.com/fir_y/stg.htm
http://www.history.ee/cgi-bin/ono/tabel?q=Stutenmeister
http://www.history.ee/cgi-bin/ono/tabel?q=Stutenmeister
http://www.vinland.org/heathen/pagancee/#Estonia
http://www.vinland.org/heathen/pagancee/#Estonia
Latvians have resided in their present geographical area for more
than 2,000 years. Their closest ethnic relatives are the ancient
Prussians, the Galinds, the Jatvings, and the Lithuanians. Only the
Lithuanians have avoided extinction. All the other peoples were
conquered or assimilated by their neighbors, demonstrating one of
the
realities of history--the ebb and flow of the creation and
disappearance of nations. This aspect of history has been taken to
heart by Latvians, who regularly use their experience of extinction
as a tocsin of potential danger to the survival of their own group.
Ironically, Latvians themselves have been in the position of having
assimilated another group. The first settlers in the territory of
Latvia were Livonians, or "Libiesi." Whereas the Latvians originated
from the Indo-European family, the Livonians were akin to the
Estonians and the Finns and formed a part of the Finno-Ugric complex
of nations. The Livonians were once heavily concentrated in the
northern part of Latvia's present-day provinces of Kurzeme and
Vidzeme, but today only about 100 individuals retain their ancient
language. Livonians have also contributed to the development of a
prominent Latvian dialect.
Until about 1300, the Latvian people lived within half a dozen or so
independent and culturally distinct kingdoms.This lack of unity
hastened their conquest by German-led crusaders, who brought with
them more efficient weaponry, war experience, and technology,
including stone and mortar fortifications. During the next 600
years,
various parts of the territory of Latvia were taken over by a
succession of foreign regimes, including those of Denmark, Prussia,
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and Russia. In this
maelstrom of changing rulers, the descendants of the German
conquerors were able to maintain their autonomy and their title to
feudal estates by adapting to new circumstances and by offering
loyalty to whoever was the dominant power. These Baltic barons
formed
the bulk of the upper classes and set the tone of the Baltic
establishment. Although their dominance over the Latvian serfs has
often been justifiably criticized, their profound impact on Latvian
cultural and social development can be observed even to this day.
Finno-Ugrian tribes arrive from the east (whose descendants are the
Livs and the Estonians) around 2000 BC Indo-European tribes invade
from the south around 1180 German merchants from Lübeck and Visby
come to the mouth of the Dvina River, which has been settled by the
Livs, and call the region "Livonia" (which becomes the name of the
whole area which today is Latvia and Estonia) from 1186
Missionization of the Livs begins 1201 Foundation of the city of
Riga
by Albert of Livonia (3rd Livonian bishop) 13th century Submission
and Christianization of Livonia by the German Schwertbrüderorden
(also called the Livonian Knights). Establishment of a confederation
consisting of small feudal states called "Marienland Livland", part
of the Holy Roman Empire. 13th 15th centuries 10 old Livonian
cities join the Hanseatic League 1524 Old Livonia becomes Protestant
16th century Russian attempts at conquest, in 1502 Walter von
Plettenberg defeats Russia's massively superior forces at the battle
of Lake Smolina. In 1558 Czar Ivan the Terrible attacks - "Livonian
War " 1561 Since the Kaiser, princes and Hanseatic cities fail to
provide adequate protection, old Livonia seeks the protection of
foreign powers and disintegrates the north becomes subject to
Sweden, the south to Poland. German Baltic rule survives at the
centre: The "Privilegium Sigismundi Augusti", involving freedom of
religion, the German language, German administration and German law
is confirmed by all Polish, Swedish and Russian rulers following
King
Sigismund Augustus until Czar Alexander II (1855). 1621 King Gustav
Adolf II of Sweden conquers Riga and Livonia; reforms carried out
under Swedish rule 1710-1795 Conquest of Riga by Czar Peter the
Great
(1710). Under the Treaty of Nystad (1721), Livonia and Estonia fall
to Russia; Courland follows (1795). The old Livonian territories are
thus reunited under Russian rule. They are called the "German Baltic
provinces of Russia". 1816 / 1819 Laws for the liberation of the
peasants in the Baltic provinces as a result of the Enlightenment.
19th century "National Awakening ": Educated classes become
emancipated from the German model and set up Latvian-language
newspapers, theatres and associations. from 1881 Policy of
Russification of the Baltic provinces under Czar Alexander III,
German Baltic self-administration is limited, first emigration wave
of German Balts to Germany 2nd half of the 19th century.
Industrialization and blossoming trade. Riga becomes Russia's most
important port 1905 Revolution in Russia. In the Baltic provinces it
is directed primarily against large German landowners; suppression
by
the Russian military (executions, banishment, deprivation of
citizenship) 1914 1918 First World War: occupation by German
troops
18 November 1918 Proclamation of the Republic of Latvia and
recognition by the German Reich 1918/1919 Invasion of the Red Army
following retreat of the German occupying forces. Proclamation of
the
Latvian and Estonian Soviet Republics. Defensive fight by the German
Reich ("Baltic Landwehr") with the approval of the victorious
powers.
Following the retreat of the Red Army, the Estonians' and Latvians'
opposition is directed against the Germans, who are defeated in June
1919 at Cesis (Wenden)Grand Masters of the Brethren of the Sword,
the
Livonian Knights
Wimo von Rohrbach 1202-1208
Volkwin von Winterstatten 1208-1236
attached to Teutonic Knights, 1237
Hermann Balk 1237-1238
Ditrich I van Groningen 1238-1241
Andreas I von Velven 1241-1244
Heinrich I von Heimburg 1244-1245
Ditrich II van Groningen 1245-1247
Andreas II von Stirland 1247-1253
Eberhard I von Seine 1253-1254
Hanno von Sangerhausen 1254-1257
Teutonic Grand Master, 1257-1274
Burchard von Hornhause 1257-1261
Georg von Eichstadt 1261
Werner von Breithausen 1261-1263
Konrad I von Manstadt 1263-1266
Otto von Lutterberg 1266-1270
Andreas III von Westphalen 1271
Walther I von Nordeck 1271-1273
Ernst von Ratzeburg 1273-1279
Gerhard I 1279-1280
Konrad II von Feuchtwangen 1280-1282
Mangold von Sternberg 1282
Wilhelm I 1282-1288
Konrad III von Herzogstein 1288-1290
Balthasar Holte 1290-1293
Heinrich II von Dumpshagen 1294-1295
Bruno 1296-1298
Gottfreid von Rogga 1298-1305
Wennemar I 1305-1306
Gerhard II von Jocke 1307-1326
Reimar 1326-1328
Eberhard II von Monheim 1328-1341
Burchard I von Dreileben 1341-1345
Golwin von Hericke 1345-1360
Arnold von Vietinghof 1360-1365
Wilhelm II von Frimersheim 1365-1383
Robin von Eltz 1383-1391
Wennemar II von Bruggenei 1391-1401
Konrad III von Vietinghof 1401-1413
Dietrich II Tork 1413-1415
Siegried Lander von Spanheim 1415-1424
Cysse von Rutenberg 1424-1433
Frank von Kersdorf 1433-1435
Heinrich III von Buckenorde 1435-1437
Heinrich IV Vincke von Oberbergen 1438-1450
Johann I von Mengden 1450-1469
Johann II Wolthusen von Heerse 1470-1471
Bernhard von dem Borch 1471-1483
Johann III Freitag von Loringhof 1483-1494
Walther II von Plettenberg 1494-1535
Hermann II Brugsenei 1535-1549
Johann IV von der Recke 1549-1551
Heinrich V von Galen 1551-1557
Wilhelm III Count of Furstenberg 1557-1559, d.1568
Gotthard Kettler 1559-1561
Duke of Courland, 1561-1587
Frederick 1587-1639
Jacob 1639-1682
Federick Casimir 1682-1698
Frederick William 1698-1711
Anne Romanov 1711-1730, d.1740
Ferdinand of Brunswick 1730-1737
Ernest John 1737-1741, 1763-1769, d.1772
Russian occupation, 1741-1759
Charles of Saxony 1759-1763, d.1796
Peter 1769-1795, d.1800
annexed to Russia, Third Partition of Poland, 1795
the Seat of the Grand Master was moved to Venice, and then to
Marienburg in Prussia in 1309.
The Crusading surplice or habit of the Teutonic Knights
included a black cross on white. This ended up providing the colors
for the Duchy and then Kingdom of Prussia, and black became
characteristic of the German Empire. Black is still the color of the
Iron Crosses on modern German aircaft. Since black is also the color
of death, the black uniforms of Hitler's SS matched well their
death's head symbols and murderous mission. This is not, of course,
a
happy association.
As shown in the Historical Atlas of the Crusades by Angus Konstam
(Checkmark Books, Facts on File, New York, 2002, p.87), Teutonic
castles in Palestine included Monfort north of Acre, Doc, Sephorie,
Recordane, and Atlit, all around Haifa (Caiphas), which was also a
Teutonic stronghold, Qaqun between Haifa and Jaffa, and, at the
southern end of Outremer, Gaza.
Even while the primary business of the Order was still Palestine, it
had also taken on the job of subduing pagans in the Baltic. They
began at the invitation of the Polish Dukes, who had long fought
with
the Prussians (who tended to raid into Poland and capture people who
were then sold into slavery through Russia and the Mongols), and
joined another crusading Order that had already gotten started in
Latvia, the Brethren of the Sword, now usually called the Livonian
Knights, which had begun a Crusade in 1198 and founded Riga in 1201.
But the Brethren of the Sword became attached to the Teutonic
Knights
in 1237 after a devastating defeat by the Prussians and Lithuanians
in 1236. While the Brethren occupied Latvia and Estonia, the
Teutonic
Knights proper got started on Prussia in 1226. By 1283 the conquest
was complete. Although the Prussian language eventually disappeared,
the Prussian people either converted, surrendered and converted, or
fled to Lithuania in the course of the Crusade. Some parts of
Prussia
became depopulated as populations fled or were relocated away from
border areas. Much of the fighting actually employed Poles and
Prussian Christians aiding the Knights -- mounted Knights were only
a
fraction of any actual Crusader army. The only effort to actually
expel the natives of Prussia did not occur until 1945, when Josef
Stalin deported most the of the German speakers, which would have
included descendants of the Prussians.
At its height, the territory of the Knights included Prussia,
Latvia,
Estonia, and a large slice of Lithuania. This high water mark ended
with a defeat by Poland-Lithuania at Tannenberg in 1410. The defeat
was catastrophic, but the Knights actually ended up (1422) with
little territorial loss -- only the recently acquired Lithuanian
land
of Samogitia. Most of the real damage was in loss of Knights,
wealth,
and prestige. Later, Imperial Germany thought it was avenging
Tannenberg by driving the Russians out of Prussia in 1914, a battle
they also called "Tannenberg." Much worse for the Knights was the
Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466), which actually began with the
revolt
of the burghers and nobles of Prussia itself. By 1457 Marienburg had
been lost and the Grand Master fled to a new capital at Königsberg.
The treaty of 1466 ceded sovereignty of West Prussia, Marienberg,
and
other territories to Poland; and Prussia itself became a fief of
Poland, though Latvia and Estonia were kept separate, with the
Brethren of the Sword emerging
History of Berlin
Origins
There is no known date of foundation of Berlin.
In its early history, there existed a twin-town situation - Berlin
lay on the East bank of the Spree and Cölln lay on the west bank.
These towns are first mentioned in historical documents in the
1200s,
and there is no evidence of the Slav fishing village that is often
mentioned in some sources ( By virtue of the destruction wrought in
the Second World War, archaeological research in these areas has
been
fairly extensive ).
This is in contrast to both Spandau and Köpenick, which were
important towns during the Slav period. Additionally both these
towns
have documents to prove when they were first founded as towns in the
German Mark Brandenburg - Spandau in 1232.
There are no documents of this type for either Berlin or Cölln, and
no documents relating to the founding of the towns. The oldest
historical reference to Berlin is in a document of 1244, whereas
Cölln was first mentioned in 1237.
The favorite theory about the name of Berlin is that it is of Slavic
origin, possibly relating to marshy, damp land. Another possibility
you might find mentioned is of a Flemish origin, brought by Flemish
settlers of that time.
Likewise, Cölln could stem from the slav word for a hill. Or else it
could be a corruption of a slav word so that it sounded like a pre-
existing German city in the West, something that appeared to happen,
at about the same time, to Frankfurt, the town on the Oder.
Slavic names can be recognized by -ow or -au endings ( Pankow,
Treptow, Prenzlau ). There is also the ungermanic stress on the last
syllable of Berlin.
--- End forwarded message ---
--- End forwarded message ---
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